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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a fertile female and male, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of this colony is responsible for egg production for its colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her for life.62 In some species, the abdomen of the queen swells up radically to increase fecundity, a feature known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen starts producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of year, and enormous swarms emerge from the colony when nuptial flight begins.

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A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into employees, but others may farther moult to become soldiers alates.

Termites are often compared with the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in major differences in life span. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the workers are entirely female. Males (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both employees and the queen) are diploid and develop from fertilised eggs.

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Depending on species, male and female employees may have different roles in a termite colony.63.

The life span of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult stages.64 Nymphs resemble small adults, and go through a series of moults as they grow.

The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time frame depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of the colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, workers must feed thembut workers also take part in the social life of their colony and also have certain other tasks to achieve like foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones regulate the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of the termites from becoming fertile queens.68.

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Queens of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are capable of a long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower level of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than workers, soldiers and nymphs.69 The lower levels of damage seem to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.

Termite alates only depart the colony when a nuptial flight occurs. Alate men and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable spot for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a place. When top article they perform they excavate a room big enough for both, close up the entrance and proceed to partner.70 After mating, the set never go outside and spend the rest of their lives in the nest.

For example, alates in certain species emerge during the daytime in summer while some emerge during winter.71 The nuptial flight might also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around regions with plenty of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, moisture, wind speed and precipitation.71 this link The number of termites in a colony also varies, with the bigger species typically having 1001,000 individuals.

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The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early phases of the colony, but places as many as 1,000 a day when the colony is several years old.53 At adulthood, a primary queen has a great capacity to lay eggs. In certain species, the mature queen includes a greatly distended abdomen and might produce 40,000 eggs a day.72 The two adult ovaries may possess some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to several times greater than prior to mating and reduces her ability to move freely; attendant employees offer assistance. .

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The king develops only slightly why not try here bigger after initial mating and continues to partner with the queen for life (a termite queen can survive between 30 to 50 years); this is very different from ant colonies, in that a queen mates once together with the man (s) and stores the gametes for lifetime, as the male ants die soon after mating.6267 When your queen is absent, a termite king generates pheromones which encourage the development of replacement termite queens.74 As the queen and king are monogamous, sperm competition does not occur.75.

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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the path to becoming alates type a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only mature into primary reproductives upon the passing of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated from the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the capacity to replace a deceased primary reproductive, and there can also be more than a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the capacity to change from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.

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